When blood vessels narrow or stiffen due to plaque buildup, circulation to the lower extremities decreases. The feet, being the farthest point from the heart, are particularly vulnerable.
Why the Feet Are at Higher Risk
Two major mechanisms connect diabetes, heart disease, and foot complications:
1. Peripheral Neuropathy (ADA)
According to the ADA, diabetic peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes. It results from long-term high blood glucose levels damaging nerves.
Symptoms may include:
Numbness
Tingling
Burning sensations
Reduced ability to feel pain or temperature
When sensation is impaired, minor injuries may go unnoticed.
2. Peripheral Artery Disease (AHA)
The AHA identifies peripheral artery disease (PAD) as a manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis. PAD reduces blood flow to the legs and feet due to narrowed arteries.
Reduced blood flow leads to:
Delayed wound healing
Increased infection risk
Higher likelihood of ulcers
In severe cases, tissue death (gangrene)
When neuropathy and PAD occur together — a common scenario in people with diabetes — the risk of serious foot complications increases dramatically.
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